Literary fiction, L’ultimo giorno di un condannato by Victor Hugo is a first-person narrative exposing the psychological torment of a man awaiting execution. Written as a critique of capital punishment, the novel captures the condemned’s thoughts, fears, and final reflections. Structured as a diary, it blends emotional immediacy with philosophical argument, challenging the justice system and public morality. Hugo’s use of anonymity and internal monologue emphasizes universality and human dignity. The work is a foundational text in abolitionist literature and a milestone in the development of modern psychological narrative.