This inaugural issue of a mid-twentieth-century medical journal focuses on therapeutic gymnastics and physical rehabilitation within the Italian clinical context. As Volume I, Fascicle 1, it establishes the scientific and methodological foundations of movement-based therapy, addressing functional assessment, corrective exercise protocols, and preventive applications. The publication reflects early postwar efforts to formalize physiotherapy as a medical discipline, integrating anatomical principles with clinical observation. Intended for physicians and rehabilitation practitioners, it documents the institutional emergence of structured physical medicine in Italy.