This volume, first published in 1966 as part of the "Nuovi Argomenti" series, explores the condition of Jews in the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Through a collection of essays and critical commentary, it examines religious, cultural, and political dimensions of Jewish life under Soviet socialism. The work provides insight into repression, identity struggles, and the contradictions between ideological equality and practical discrimination. Intended for readers interested in modern history, Jewish studies, and political science, it offers a documented analysis of minority existence in a totalitarian regime.