The collection comprising Gli abitanti di Hemsö – Il capro espiatorio by August Strindberg presents two significant works: the novel Gli abitanti di Hemsö and the shorter work Il capro espiatorio, both reflecting Strindberg’s sharp insight into human psychology and community dynamics. In the novel, the author depicts life on a secluded island in the Stockholm archipelago, exploring themes of social tension, tradition vs change, and the outsider in a closed society. The story is marked by vivid characterisation, sardonic humour and a painterly eye for setting—Strindberg’s background as a painter emerges in his descriptive detail. In Il capro espiatorio, the focus narrows toward individual guilt, scapegoating, and moral responsibility. Together, these texts show Strindberg’s shift from realist observation toward an existential and symbolic dimension, situating him firmly in the context of late-19th-century Scandinavian literature and bridging naturalistic and early modernist sensibilities.